Poha Factory free essay sample

In India paddy occupies the first place both in area and production. The crop occupies about 37 % of the total cropped area and 44% (2001-02 position) of total production of food grains in India. West Bengal is the leading producer of paddy in the country. It accounts for 16. 39% of the total production, and the other leading states are Uttar Pradesh (13. 38%), Andhra Pradesh (12. 24%), Punjab (9. 47%), Orissa (7. 68%) and Tamil Nadu (7. 38%); the remaining states account for 33. 45% of the production. India is also one of the leading exporters of rice in the world market. Indias export of rice stood at 23. 89 lakh MT in 1997-98. The corresponding value of foreign exchange earned was to the tune of Rs. 3371. 00 crore in 1997-98. Indian Basmati Rice has been a favorite among international rice buyers. Following liberalization of international trade after World Trade Agreement, Indian rice will become highly competitive and has been identified as one of the major commodities for export. We will write a custom essay sample on Poha Factory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This provides us with ample opportunity for development of rice based value-added products for earning more foreign exchange. Apart from rice milling, processing of rice bran for oil extraction is also an important agro processing activity for value addition, income and employment generation. Contd†¦2 †¦2†¦ Many of the rice processing units are of the traditional huller type and are inefficient. Modern rice mills are having high capacity and are capital intensive, although inefficient, Small modern rice mills have been developed and are available in the market but the lack of information is a bottleneck in its adoption by the prospective entrepreneur. The present model will go a long way in bridging the information gap. Description of Rice Milling Operation: Paddy in its raw form cannot be consumed by human beings. It needs to be suitably processed for obtaining rice. Rice milling is the process, which helps in removal of hulls and barns from paddy grains to produce polished rice. Rice forms the basic primary processed product obtained from paddy and this is further processed for obtaining various secondary and tertiary products. The basic rice milling processes consist of: Process Definition 1. Pre Cleaning: Removing all impurities and unfilled grains from paddy 2. De-stoning: Separating small stones from paddy 3. Parboiling (Optional): Helps in improving the nutritional quality by gelatinization of starch inside the rice grain. It improves the milling recovery percent during deshelling and polishing / whitening operation 4. Husking: Removing husk from paddy 5. Husk Aspiration: Separating the husk from brown rice/ unhusked paddy 6. Paddy Separation: Separating the unhusked paddy from brown rice 7. Whitening: Removing all or part of the bran layer and germ from brown rice 8. Polishing: Improving the appearance of milled rice by removing the remaining bran particles and by polishing the exterior of the milled kernel 9. Length Grading: Separating small and large brokens from head rice 10. Blending: Mixing head rice with predetermined amount of brokens, as required by the customer 11. Weighing and bagging : Preparing the milled rice for transport to the customer Contd†¦3 †¦3†¦ The flow diagram of the various unit operations is as follows: [pic] Contd†¦4 †¦4†¦ Status of Rice Milling Units in India: Rice milling is the oldest and the largest agro processing industry of the country. At present it has a turn over of more than 25,500/- crore per annum. It processes about 85 million tonnes of paddy per year and provides staple food grain and other valuable products required by over 60% of the population. Paddy grain is milled either in raw condition or after par-boiling, mostly by single hullers of which over 82,000 are registered in the country. Apart from it there are also a large number of unregistered single hulling units in the country. A good number (60 %) of these are also linked with par-boiling units and sun -drying yards. Most of the tiny ullers of about 250-300 kg/hr capacities are employed for custom milling of paddy. Apart from it double hulling units number over 2,600 units, underrun disc shellers cum cone polishers numbering 5,000 units and rubber roll shellers cum friction polishers numbering over 10,000 units are also present in the country. Further over the years there has been a steady growth of improved rice mills in the country. Most of these have capacities ranging from 2 tonnes /hr to 10 tonnes/ hr. Need for improved rice mills: The recovery of whole grains in a traditional rice mill using steel hullers for dehusking is around 52-54%. There is excessive loss in the form of coarse and fine brokens. Further loss of large portion of endosperm layers during the dehusking operation further accentuates the problem. Against it, the recovery percent of whole grains in modern rice mills using rubber roll shellers for dehusking operation is around 62-64%. The whole grain recovery percent further increases to 66-68% in case of milling of parboiled paddy. Thus it can be seen that there is an overall improvement of recovery of whole grains by about 10-14% if one uses rubber roll shellers for rice milling operations. The conversion ratio ( i. e. recovery % of various final product and byproduct for every 100 kg feed of raw paddy) for these improved rice mills are can be as follows: 1. Percent of milled Rice: 62-68% 2. Percent of rice Bran: 4-5% 3. Percent of rice Husk: 20 25% 4. Percent of germ Wastages: 2%-8% It has been observed that dehusking using rubber roll shellers reduces the risk of breaking the grain because husk is pulled off almost at once and pressure is applied by means of resilient surfaces across the width of the grain, where kernels, generally are much more uniform than they are by length. Moreover, the process does not remove the internal epidermis of the husk. Thus the deshelled Contd†¦5 †¦5†¦ grains with their silver skin envelope are protected against scratches and keep longer and better while the silver skin and the germ increases the quantity of bran, which is produced while whitening. The improved rice mills have a better husk and rice bran aspiration system. The same prevents mixing of fine brokens with rice bran. Therefore the quality of rice bran obtained is better. It has also been observed that the location of rice mills are confined to a few selected production centres. Their development as a village level agro processing unit is yet to take a proper shape. In the absence of village level rice milling unit, the farmers have to travel great distances for milling the rice. This leads to increased transportation and handling losses. Thus there is a need to develop improved rice mills as a village level agro-processing unit for bringing about technical upgradation and development of the sector. Value addition and generation of gainful and sustainable employment opportunities are the other possible benefits arising out of this agro processing industry. The Central Govt. is also providing a big boost towards the development of this industry. It has since repealed w. e. f. May 27, 1998 the Rice Milling Industry (Regulation) Act, 1958 and Rice Milling Industry (Regulation and licensing) Rules, 1959. Further, rice-milling sector, which was earlier reserved for the small-scale sector, have now been dereserved. As such, no license/ permission is now required for setting up a rice mill. POHA INTRODUCTION Poha is made from paddy and is a very popular product throughout the country and is consumed in sizeable quantity throughout the year. It is primarily a snack item which is very easy to make even at a short notice. People of all age groups enjoy preparations made from it and they are easy to digest. It can be fried with spices and chilly to make hot and tasty dish or it can also be mixed with milk and sugar to make sweet preparation. PRODUCTS Poha is made from paddy and hence it is easy to digest. Spicy or sweet preparations are made from it in the category of fast food. Rice is soaked in water and then roasted to make poha and thus the product has longer shelf life. This product can be produced in any part of the country as paddy is grown in almost all states. Madhya Pradesh is considered as most preferred location as the Paddy grown here is ideal for Poha. Contd†¦6 †¦6†¦ MARKET POTENTIAL Poha has an important place in Indian diet and is used extensively in rural and semi-urban areas. Its popularity in the urban areas is gradually coming down due to changing tastes and food habits but many households still use it regularly. Thus, market for this product is spread across the country. Apart from households, its preparations are sold in restaurants, roadside dhabas or vendors, hostels, canteens etc. round the year. Thus, there is a large market for this product and with adequate efforts it can be captured. MANUFACTURING PROCESS It is conventional and very well standardised. Paddy is cleaned and graded to remove impurities and then it is soaked in hot water for about 45 minutes. After drying, it is roasted to make flakes. These flakes are passed through sieves to remove unwanted materials and to obtain flakes of fairly even size. Finally, they are packed. During the process, yield of even sized flakes is about 60 65%, whereas process loss and wastages account for 5%. Balance 30 % is Husk, which is used in the Roaster. Raw Material The all-important material is paddy of the desired quality. It is grown in ample quantity in the state but it is advisable to have some firm supply arrangements beforehand to ensure timely supply during lean period. Gunny bags will be required for packing of finished goods. PRESENT PROPOSAL The Government has introduced Custom Milling† which means milling of paddy, not belonging to the miller, into rice in his rice mill on payment of milling charges in cash or in kind; the success of any Industry depends primarily into two factors. One is availability of Raw material and secondly the assured market for the Finished Goods produced. The introduction of Custom Milling have helped Rice Milling Industry in both this aspect as the paddy is provided by Government which is milled into Rice by the Rice Millers and is delivered back to the Government for a consideration of fix milling charges. Thus the Rice Mills are nowadays prospering through Government Policy. Having understood the scope of Rice Milling and realising the lack of Industries in Jabalpur, Promoters have decided to setup a Rice Mill of 5 MT Paddy Processing capacity. The Paddy available in and around Jabalpur is also considered best for POHA and therefore the Promoters are also installing Poha Mill 8 no. ’s complete with roasters other machinery detailed elsewhere in the Proposal. Contd†¦7 †¦7†¦ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Contd†¦8 †¦8†¦ Investment components The various investment components are as follows: Land and site development: The Firm has already obtained on Lease industrial plot of land from District Trade and Industries Centre Jabalpur at Plot no. 76, Industrial Area Richhai, Jabalpur comprising of an area measuring approximately 195000 square feet for a period of thirty years commencing from 2006 to 2036. Shed, Building Civil Works: The various construction requirement of a Rice Mill Poha Mill are as follows: 1. Raw paddy Godown. 2. Cleaning unit. 3. Milling section. 4. Finished product stores. 5. Machine rooms. 6. Auxiliary structures such as office, stores etc. As per the architect’s estimates the total cost of construction will be Rs. 42. 00 Lac as detailed in architect’s estimates enclosed. Technology: It is better to use rubber roll shellers for dehusking of paddy in the unit for better performance. The Firm is using the same technology. The echnology for Poha mill is also an indigenous one and the suppliers of the machinery are located at Raipur (C. G. ). It employs simple technology. Plant and machinery and electricals: The details of the nature and type of plant and machinery, their capacity, power consumption, level of automation varies upon the market needs, nature and type of the end products and the investment capacity of the entrepreneur. Whenever paddy is required to be parboiled prior to deshelling, a parboiling unit with steam boilers has to be installed by the milling unit. The same will increase the PM cost. The details of plant and machinery and their use for the rice milling unit are as follows: 1. Paddy cleaner Raw paddy cleaner cum aspirator consisting of large aspiration of desired suction width fitted with double fans with necessary damper controls. The precleaner is also provided with a magnetic separator for removing iron particles (for avoiding damage to other machines in the rice mill) feed hopper and other accessories viz. bearings, block sockets, shafting pulley, holding bolt etc. Contd†¦9 †¦9†¦ 2. Paddy Separators Paddy Separator for separating undeshelled paddy from deshelled paddy. 3. Blowers, Husk and Barn Aspirators Blowers, husk and barn aspirators for aspiration of light particles, separating husks from dehusked kernels and for separating bran from milled rice. 4. Paddy Polishers 3 nos. of cone type paddy polishers of suitable capacity for polishing and whitening rice grains to the desired degree 5. Rice grader/ aspirator Rice grader/ aspirator for purification and grading of polished rice grains and for separation of the fine brokens, coarse brokens from whole rice.